There were several ancient writings known to mankind in the past, such as the Egyptian Hieroglyphs, the Sumerians Cuneiforms, The Assyrians and the Chinese. It is very interesting to note, that of all the ancient scripts, only the Chinese characters are still being used until today, making it the most ancient and longest lasting written language.
These Oracle Bones inscriptions which were found in ancient Chinese ancestral tombs, and believed by the archeaologists to be at least 3500 years old, have drawn the interest of many scholars today, and they revealed that the ancient Chinese people were actually worshippers of the same God worshipped by the Jews and the Christians of today.
Further it shows how Shang Di was originally written as three triangles mounted on a pole or trunk of a tree, like three blades of leaves and the lower part of the trunk branched into three prongs that look like roots of a tree. Does this mean that the Ancient Chinese people believe that there is three beings of the Godhead in one, in other words the concept of Triune God, or the Trinity?
First of all let me draw your attention to the word “Zao” 造 which means “To Create”. This word consists of “earth” 土 , “life” ) , “mouth” 口 and “walking or moving” 走 . In other words, according to the Chinese ancestors: To create means to take “earth or dirt”, and then put “life” into it by using “mouth”, and that “earthen formation” became a living, moving and walking being: “man”.
Another word which shows the same concept is the word “Yuan” or Garden ´園 . This word consist of “four border lines” 口 , “earth” 土, “mouth” 口, “person/man” 人, and another man/person 人, emerging from the first man’s side. If that doesn’t mean “God took earth, and turn it into a human being with His mouth, (Psalm 33:6,9), and then created a second being from something taken from his side!”, then nobody knows what it means. But if we read the account of Creation by God in the book of Genesis, we will be convinced that the above mentioned Chinese Characters and the two hundred or so others that we are going to examine in due course, prove just one thing: That the ancient Chinese forefathers must have been inspired by the same God who created the universe, the heaven and earth, and inspired the writers of the Scriptures or the Holy Bible of the Christians.
The fourth word I want you to consider is “ling”(spirit) 靈. Notice how this character is a combination of the following radicals: “rain” 雨, “three mouths” 口口口 , “witch or magician” 巫. So according to the Chinese: the Spirit is like “rain”, it consists of “three mouths” or three beings, and it works like a "witch or magician", miraculously creating things by just “speaking it out”. Isn’t that amazing! Doesn’t the Holy Bible described the Spirit of God just like that: “Early and later RAIN”, ALL THE THREE GODHEADS ARE SPIRIT IN NATURE, and they created everything like a “magician” by speaking or commanding it into existence(Psalm 33:6,9) !
The second word that the Chinese people since ancient time have been using to indicate “God” or “deity” is the word “Shen” 神。This word consists of the radicals “shi” 示 and “shen” 申. The radical shi is actually a line above a symbol that looks like a capital T and two slanting lines flanking on each side …. 示。 The line above the T means “sky or heaven” and the two slanting lines means two individuals or two other persons, or three in one. The T itself means “perfection” or a perfect one. In other words “God” is a ”perfect being” who is in heaven or who comes from heaven, the three in one! While the symbol申 (shen) is actually the simple drawing of two hands wrapping up something or someone from the ground, as can be seen in the most ancient character found so far, the Jia Gu Wen or Oracle Bones. So we can see here that the ancient Chinese people believed that God is a Perfect Being who is in heaven or who came from heaven to create “something” or some creature from the ground or earth. This is further confirmed if we examine the third name used by the Chinese to refer to “God”, which is the word “Tian” 天 which literally means, “sky” or “heaven”. In the oracle bones this character is pictured like this: Showing “heaven” as the line above the head 一 , and a “noble man” or “great man” 大 who came down from heaven.
If you read the following words used as a prayer offered on the border sacrificed performed every year by the kings of China since the year 2205 BC until 1911 when the Chinese Kingdom became a Republic, you will see how the Chinese concept about “God” as the Creator, is amazingly similar to that of the Hebrews.
“To Thee, O mysteriously-working Maker, I look up in thought. How imperial is the expansive arch (where Thou dwellest)…. With the great ceremonies I reverently honour Thee. Thy servant, I am but a reed or willow; my heart is but as that of an ant; yet have I received Thy favouring decree, appointing me to the government of the empire. I deeply cherish a sense of my ignorance and blindness, and am afraid, lest I prove unworthy of Thy great favours. Therefore will I observe all the rules and statutes, striving, insignificant as I am, to discharge my loyal duty. Far distant here, I look up to Thy heavenly palace. Come in Thy precious chariot to the altar. Thy servant, I bow my head to the earth reverently, expecting Thine abundant grace. All my officers are here arranged along with me, joyfully worshipping before Thee…. Oh that Thou wouldest vouchsafe to accept our offerings, and regard us, while thus we worship Thee, whose goodness is inexhaustible.” -- Jamess Legge, The Notions of the Chinese Concerning God and Spirits (Hong Kong Register Office, 1852), p. 52.
A few weeks ago I attended a meeting conducted by The Forum. Pastor Bruce Roberts mentioned about the similarities between the Aborigenes’ beliefs concerning creation and the Christian beliefs, among others that ‘the world was originally without form and void.’
What do you think about the following quotations as it is recorded by Lao Zi who lived contemporarily with the prophet Daniel or earlier, during the reign of the Zhou Dynasty, 1066-221 BC:
“Something mysteriously already made
Existing [living] before heaven and earth
In the silence and the void,
Standing alone and unchanging,
Ever present in constant [cyclic] motion.
Perhaps He is the source of myriads of things.
I do not know His name.
Call Him Dao (The Way, the Teaching/Word, The Truth),
For lack of a better word,
I call Him “the Almighty.”
--Gia Fu Feng and Jane English, Translation of Lao Zi, Tao Te Ching(Toronto: Vintage Books, Random House, Inc. 1989), Ch. 25, p.27.
Here is another one. This is a recitation by the ancient Chinese kings as they performed the border sacrifice, as recorded in the statues of the Ming Dynasty (大明會典). 1368-1644 BC.
“Of old in the beginning, there was the great chaos, without form and dark. The five elements [planets] had not begun to revolve, nor the sun and moon to shine. You, O Spiritual Soveregin [神皇] first divided the grosser parts from the purer. You made heaven. You made earth. You made man. All things with their reproducing power got their being.*
--James Legge, The Notions of the Chinese Concerning God and Spirits (Hong Kong: Hong Kong Register Office, 1852), p.28.
Doesn’t the following quotation ring a bell in you:
“Your sovereign goodness cannot be measured. As a potter, You have made all living things.”
--James Legge, The Chinese Classics, Vol. I (Reprint, Taipei: SMC Publishing Inc., 1983), Confucian Analects, Bk. IX, Ch. IV, p. 6.
Now how did the Dao create everything?
Heaven and earth have been created from something. Something has come from nothing.
--Ibid.<, Ch. 40., p. 42.
Compare that one with the statement of Paul in Hebrews 11:3 "By faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God, so that the things which are seen were not made of things which are visible”. In other words, The Creator God was not using pre-existing material when He created all things. Now listen to this most famous, mysterious, and frequently quoted statement of Lao Zi by the Chinese people:
The Dao exists as one. One exists as two.
Two exists as three. And three create everything.
--Ibid., Ch. 42., p. 44.
The Chinese people have long been puzzled by the above statements and until now they still cannot get the answer. But if you compare it with the following texts, you will see that the answer is quite clear:
"In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was in the beginning with God. All things were made through Him, and without Him nothing was made that was made. In Him was life, and the life was the light of men.John1:1-4
"Come near to Me, and hear this: I have not spoken in secret from the beginning; From the time that it was, I was there. And the Lord God and His Spirit have sent Me." (Isaiah 48:16). "For there are three that bear witness in heaven: the Father, the Word, and the Holy Spirit; and these three are one."(1 John 5:7).
From the above quotations we can see that the ancient Chinese kings believed and worshipped the Creator (Maker) and Ruler of the Universe which they called Shang Di 上帝, literally meaning The King of Heaven or the Supreme Ruler of Heaven.
If you were asked to give a summary of The Creation of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden; the Temptation by the Devil, the Transgression of the commandment of God by the first woman, the Trap used by the Devil in the form of four words or phrases in causing Eve to be covetous and to sin, the nakedness experienced by the transgressors, the capital punishment or death penalty, the pain and suffering caused by sin, the driving away of the sinners from the garden and the tree of life in the middle of it, the promise of a Redeemer in the Lamb of God who will cover their sins with His righteousness, the first murder by Cain the first elder brother, the Flood, the Eight persons saved in the ark, the building of the Tower of Babel and the confusion of languages and starting of the nations, the sacrificial animals symbolizing the Lamb of God, Who took away our sins—all those in only 30 words or less, do you think you can do it? That’s what the Ancient Chinese did as we can still trace it in the Chinese writings which have been used for 4000 years.. They tell the same story as it is written in the book of Genesis Chapters 1 to 11 in just thirty words.
Here they are:
1.Shangdi(God)上帝(上=above; 帝= king/emperor)God is the king of all kings. In the oracle bones inscriptions the word “di” 帝= a picture of 3 triangles mounted on a pole which base is branching out like a three pronged fork or stem of a tree with three roots. In Mandarin a triangle or square, or half circle means “ a person”.
2.ling(spirit/ghost) 靈 (=rain雨+ 3 mouths 口口口+ magician/wizard– 巫.) An exact description of the Holy Spirit as it is found in the Bible: it is like the early and later rain, it consists of the Father, Son and Holy Ghost, they work like wizards or magicians: they created all things by speaking or commanding them into existence. (Genesis 1 ; Psalms 33:6,9)
3.zao(create)造 (breath ) +earth土+ mouth 口+ walking/moving走.) Isn’t that how God created Adam according to the Bible? God put “breath of life” into the lump of “earth”, using His “mouth” of course, and it became a “moving or walking”(living) being, called Adam! Genesis 2:7: “And the Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground, and “breathed” into his nostrils “the breath of life”; and man became a “living being”.)
4.yuan(garden)園 (Borders/frame 口+earth 土 + mouth 口+ 2 persons 从, the second coming out of the first person’s side.(Genesis 2:8,21,22) “the Lord God planted a garden eastward in Eden, and there he put the man whom he had formed. And the Lord God caused a deep sleep to fall on Adam, and he slept; and he took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh in its place……Then the rib which the Lord God had taken from man he made into a woman, and he brought her to the man.)
5.jin(prohibit)禁 (two trees 林 + God示) (Genesis 2:9, 16, 17) And out of the ground the Lord God made every tree grow that is pleasant to the sight and good for food. The tree of life was also in the midst of the garden, and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil…..And the Lord God commanded the man, saying, “From every tree of the garden you may freely eat; but from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat, for in the day that you eat the fruit of it you shall surely die.” So the first “prohibition” was given by “God” concerning the “two trees” that grew in the midst of the garden of Eden.
6.mogui(tempting devil)魔鬼 (魔=hiding 广 + two trees 林 + life ) + garden 田 + son 儿 + secret 私– = tempting/tempter.)(鬼 this word, “gui”, which means “devil” is the noun or “person/being”, who does the tempting, so he is something which came to “life” ) or “animated” (a snake which acted as a human being), it was in the “garden” 田 which has a river branching into four directions in the form of a cross in the midst of it; that being spoke just like a “son” 儿, or Adam, and he whispered “a secret”, privately to the woman he tempted.)
7.lan(covet)婪 – (two trees 林, under which “a woman” 女 first “coveted”, wanting something she was prohibited to eat, when there were thousands of other trees bearing good fruits that she can eat from.)
8.fa(punishment)罰 four四+ words 言+ sword/knife 刀. The first capital punishment, or death penalty, was the result of believing the four words spoken by the tempting devil: 1. you shall not surely die; 2. your eyes will be opened; 3. you shall be like God; 4. you will be full of knowledge of good and evil.
9.kuchu(pain,sorrow)苦 楚 the word “ku” 苦consists of “weeds” + “ten” + “mouth”, and in the most ancient writing, the drawing is of a pair of hands (ten fingers) holding a piece of fruit in the form of a pear, and putting it into an open mouth, in the form of a half circle. The word “chu” is the drawing of “two trees” and a woman reaching out with her hand towards one of the trees. Isn’t that what happened in the Garden of Eden, the first woman, reached out with her hands, pluck the forbidden fruit, put it in her mouth, and then trouble started, weeds cam, pain, and sorrow as part of her punishments?–
10.luo(naked) 裸 The word naked (“luo”), consists of “clothing/garment” which is “a lid” or “covering” above a pair of “persons/man”, and next to it is the component for “fruit” or “guo”, which is a “garden” on top of a “tree”. In other words, “clothing/garment” was first introduced because of “the fruit” in the “garden of Eden”, or the forbidden fruit eaten by the first couple, to cover their “nakedness”.
11.lai(come,come here)來 The word “lai”(come)is a drawing of a tree and two small persons standing behind it in the distance, very aptly describing the condition of Adam and Eve who hid behind the tree or bush, hiding from God after their transgression, and how God called them out and gave them the garment He made out of animal skin. (Genesis 3:6-10, 21)
12.yi(righteousness)義 Righteousness is 羊(“lamb”)+我(“I/me”). 我(“I/me”)= 手 (“hand”) 戈(“spear”) In other words: Righteousness is when the “Lamb of God” covers “me”. And ,” I/me” is the one who holds a “spear” in my “hand” to kill that sacrificial Lamb!
13.xi(sacrificial animal, sacrifice, victim)羲 This is the modern character, the ancient one has a cow/bull on the left side. Thus a sacrificial animal is “a bull”, or a “lamb/goat”, “without blemish/spotless” which must be slaughtered using a “spear” usually. What is the “sacrifice” for? Nobody can explain this until we come to the Bible which says: “a bull” or “a lamb” “without blemish” should be “slaughtered/killed” as a sin offering.” (Leviticus 1:1-10)
14.jingji(thorns and thistles)荊 棘 “weeds”+ “two rebels” + “sword/knife”; “two trees”, barred with “fences/enclosure”. Because of the transgression of Adam and Eve, God cursed the ground and it grows weeds, thorns and thistles. Then the entrance to the Garden of Eden where there are “two trees: the tree of life and the tree of knowledge of good and evil” were barred, or fenced, so that they cannot approach it again.
15.yuan(distant,far away)遠 This word is pronounced the same way as the word “garden” 園. The only difference in writing it is in the absence of the borders or enclosures, and the meaning now is “distant or far away.” After their transgression, Adam and Eve were driven away, from the garden of Eden.
16.xiong(elder brother)兄 An elder brother is a “son” 儿 who carried a “mouth” 口 above his head, indicating that he is a “spokesman” for his siblings.
17.xiong(cruel,violent,murder)凶 凶
(in older dictionaries The word “cruel, violent, or murder/murderer,” is pronounced the same as “elder brother”, (xiong) but written with the “mouth” open/broken at the top, with two swords in the form of a cross inside it, and in the older dictionaries, it is combined with the component “son” 儿 underneath carrying the “broken mouth with the swords” on his head, obviously indicating that the “first elder brother” has become the “first murderer”, instead of guardian or spokesman for his younger brother.
18.hong(flood)洪 The word “flood”(hong) in Chinese consistst of “three dots of water”(san dian shui), which is a drawing of two dots plus the third one which is elongated and written upward from the bottom to the top. Water going up from the ground? (Well, that’s what the Bible described what happened during the flood: (Genesis 7:11) “In the sixth hundred year of Noah’s life, in the second month, the seventeenth day of the month, on that day all the fountains of the great deep were broken up, and the windows of heaven were opened.” Next to the component for water, is the component for “two number tens”, in the most ancient writings of the Chinese characters, the Oracle Bones(Jia Gu Wen), the picture is of four hands with its twenty fingers, rising above a circle of water, obviously indicating hands of drowning people in the flood, and underneath the circle of water is the number “8”. Isn’t that not a very clever narration of how the terrible flood happened and how all the people of the earth were drowned except the “eight” people in the ark?
19.shui(water)水 Now notice the other character for water (shui). It is drawn by making a line starting from the top, straight down to the bottom and then bended sharply at the bottom changing the direction of the line upward. Next is a line from the left side which come the center and then bended sharply toward the bottom left. The last part is a line from the upper left and where it hits the center it was bended or diverted to the bottom right hand corner. This is another apt description of the terrible effect of the water which burst up from the ground and falling from heaven and be scattered to all direction.
20.chuan(boat,ship)船 The word “boat or ship” is a simple drawing of a sailboat with two passengers and on the right is number “8” and “mouth” indicating that the first “ship”(ark) was a vessel which carried 8 passengers!
21.yan(hand down,continue)沿 The word “hand down” or “continue” is again a dramatic description of the “flood” as waters from heaven are joined by the water bursting from the fountains underground. Next to it is the number “8” and “mouth”, in other words, the “continuation” of the human race was done by the 8 members of Noah’s family, to whom God “handed down” the sacred duty of “repopulating” the earth!
22.gong(public,common to all)公 The word “public or common to all” is written with the number “8” above the component for “secret, private, certain person”. If we put two of that side by side it is pronounced公公“gong-gong” which means “paternal grandfather”. Isn’t Noah our paternal great-great-great grandfather, since we are all descendants of one of his three sons, Shem, Ham and Japhet? So Noah is our common ancestor!
23.kong(vacant or leave vacant) 空 The word “vacant/leave vacant” consists of a “roof” + “8” + “work”.
“Roof” + “8” in the older dictionary was given the meaning “cave”. “Cave” is a dwelling place of the “8” common ancestors of the human race. Of course, after they came out of the ark, it would be logical to think that they dwell in caves left behind by the flood to protect them from the sun and rain and wild animals. And when they go to work to till the land of collect food, the dwelling place became “vacant” or “left vacant”!
24.fen(to divide)分 “eight” plus “knife” means “to divide”. Why is the number “8” so significant in the word “to divide”? Because the first dividing of property would have been done by the eight people as they came out of the ark to be scattered upon all the earth to repopulate it. Each of the four families get a portion of the property taken out of the ark to settle upon the earth.
25.dui(to exchange, barter)兌 The word “dui” means “to exchange or barter”. Can’t you imagine how the eight members of the original family started to barter or exchange things that they need among each other. The word consists of “8” + “elder brother”, so this shows how Noah apparently appointed the eldest son,
Shem, to be the “spokesman” and decide the bartering of their property.
26.shuo(speak)說And the word “speak” in Chinese further show the significant of the number “8”, which obviously mean, that from that time forward, whenever there is a meeting of the members of the original family, the eldest son, Shem acted as the “spokesman” or chairman of the family conference.
27.ta(tower)塔 Now noticed the word “tower”, which is a very close description to the drama of the building of the tower of Babel. It consists of the components: “earth” + “weeds” (result of rebellion) + “unite” (people come together in one mouth”. (Genesis 11:1-4) “Now the whole earth had one language and one speech. And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar, and they dwelt there. Then they said to one another, “Come, let us make bricks and bake them thoroughly.” They had brick for stone and they had asphalt for mortar. And they said, “Come, let us build ourselves a city, and a tower whose top is in the heavens..”
28.luan(confusion)亂(乱)In connection with that, examine the word “confusion”(luan). It consists of “claw/hand” indicating power, + “self”(selfishness/thinking of self in rebellion to God’s command to scatter on the surface of the earth?) + “cut/frame/operation” + “secret/privacy” +“hand”. The building of the tower of Babel is led by Nimrod, who became the powerful leader, done in self-thinking and self-promotion/exaltation contrary to God’s will, they agreed on a plan or secret plan in privacy, which act they eventually cut themselves from God and from each other, as they were forced to separate from each other due to the confusion of languages.
The next character beside it is actually a “half part” of the word “er”, meaning “son/child/children”, which obviously mean, that they stop being considered as obedient children of God due to their rebellion. The modern character for “luan” or confusion is “tongue” plus “child/son” halved or cut in the middle. Isn’t that very impressive, confusion happened at the tower of Babel, when God confused their “tongues” and they became rebellious or disobedient children and thus cut off or separated from each other? Notice further that the word “tongue” is actually a combination of “thousand” and “mouth”, the mouth can utter a thousand tongues!
29.qian(to move, to migrate)遷(迁)To top the evidences that the ancient Chinese ancestors knew the story of the origin of men down to the scattering of nations at the tower of Babel, let us examine the word “to migrate” or “qian”(pronounced chyen). It consists of the components: “west”+“great/big”+ “seal” + “moving/walking”. It is very easy to see that the first “great migration” according to the Chinese view happened once to their “west”, where the fate of the world population was “sealed” as they scattered all over the surface of the earth, and when they ancestors started to “moved/walk/marched” thousands of miles to the far east!
Now let’s see the story in its complete narration compared to what the Bible says:
The Great God of heaven, The King Above all kings, (Shang Di) 上帝 or El Shaddai, The Trinity, who is "Spirit"(ling)靈 , "created" 造(zao) Adam from the “earth”, breathed the “breath of life”, using His “mouth”, of course, and put him in the “garden”(yuan)園 of Eden, where he created “another human being (Eve)” “by operating” him and taking a rib from him (putting in His hand into the incision and taking another human being) to form Eve, who then became “one flesh”(rou) 肉 with Adam, to rule on earth as “king”.(wang)王
There was “happiness”(fu)福 in the “garden/field/farm”(tian)when “one man walked with God. But Satan(mogui)魔鬼 tempted them with four words (fa)罰 which resulted in their being “naked”(luo)裸 and “punished” by being driven out "far away" 遠 from the Garden.
Later man became wicked and “cruel” that the first “brother”(xiong)兄 , "killed or murdered violently"(xiong) 凶his own younger brother. When men’s wickedness soared to its summit, God send a “flood”(hong) 洪to destroy them, but preserved the family of Noah, consisting of "8 souls in the first boat" (ark) (chuan) 船 while the rest perished in their watery grave.
Finally their descendants decided to rebel against God by building a tower(ta) 塔 in Babel but God confused(luan) 乱 their language or "tongue" into a thousand kinds and caused them to be dispersed on the face of the earth. The Chinese people migrated( ) to the Far East, awaiting for the Messiah, who is the Holy Man from heaven, Creator of the Universe and the King of kings (Yesu or Jesus) whose “ears are always open to our prayers”(Ye) 耶 and He ”provides us with our daily food- fish plus wheat or rice”(Su) 穌.
Now notice the following text:
God's plan of Salvation covers the whole universe and was from the beginning of time. "Indeed He says, 'It is too small a thing that You should be My Servant to raise up the tribes of Jacob, and to restore the preserved ones of Israel; I will also give you as a light to the Gentiles, that You should be My salvation to the ends of the earth.'" (Isaiah 49:6)
"He was not that Light, but was sent to bear witness of that Light. That was the true Light, which lighteth every man that cometh into the world." (John 1:8,9)
"So then faith comes by hearing, and hearing by the word of God. But I say, have they not heard? Yes indeed: "Their sound has gone out to all the earth, and their words
to the ends of the world." (Romans 10:17,18)
Now as you read the following text, tell me what does this prophecy mean: (Isaiah 49:12)
“I will make each of my mountains a road, And my highways shall be elevated. And surely these shall come from afar;
Look! Those from the north and the west, And these from the land of Sinim.”
As you know the word “Sino” means China or Chinese. Some people interpreted this word as “Aswan” in Egypt. But Egypt is in the west, and Aswan in only a very small and insignificant place in the present weak nation of Egypt.
Ponder this fact. China has 1.3 billion people, besides the hundreds of millions overseas Chinese scattered all over the world., most of them are either atheists or worshippers of idols. Don’t you think that the God of mercy who said to Jonah: “And should I not pity Niniveh, that great city, in which are more than one hundred and twenty thousand persons who cannot discern between their right hand and their left, and also much livestock?” (Jonah 4:11) would also show pity to the biggest nation on earth, China, with its 1.3 billion people, which is more than one hundred times as many as in Niniveh? Thank God because His Spirit is now working in China in converting millions of them to accept and worship the same Creator, Redeemer and King Whom their ancestors worshipped in the beginning.
If you want to know more about this, read the book of Ethel Nelson, Richard Broadberry and Samuel Wang, The Beginning of Chinese Characters, Read Books Publisher, Dunlap, TN, USA, 2001:
For preaching invitation or more brochures about Chinese Prophets Prophesied the Coming of Christ the Messiah, please contact Sammy Lee on:
Email: thehanifs@gmail.com or Phone: Mobile : 61-415682170
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About Me
- Pdt. Sammy Lee
- Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Born in Bandung, child-hood and youth in Makassar, high school and tertiary education in Bandung (UNAI) and Sydney(Macquarie University, Sydney) Learned 16 languages, speak fluently in 8. Worked in Indonesia, Malaysia, Macao,China,and Australia. Now serving unpaid (self-supporting) as preacher, evangelist, writer, translator, lecturer and cyberspace consultant, credentialled as Honorary Ordained SDA Minister, Issued by the Australian Union Conference, valid until 31 December 2015.